The impact-echo method is based on monitoring the periodic arrival of reflected stress waves generated by a small mechanical impact. Unlike traditional ultrasonic pulse velocity testers that require access to both faces of a member and it is not possible to determine the depth to anomalies, DOCter requires access to only one face and is able to obtain information on the depth of  internal flaws or the thickness of a solid member.

DOCter impact-echo

• Measure the thickness of pavements, asphalt overlays, plate-like concrete elements like slabs or walls, etc.
• Detect the presence and depth of voids and honeycombing
• Detect voids below slabs-on-ground
• Evaluate the quality of grout injection in post-tensioning cable ducts or joints for precast elements
• Integrity of a membrane below an asphalt overlay protecting structural concrete
• Delamination surveys of bridge decks, piers, cooling towers, chimneystacks, etc.
• Detect debonding of overlays and patches
• Detect ASR damage and freezing-and-thawing damage
• Measure the depth of surface-opening cracks
• Estimate early-age strength development (with proper correlation)

DOCter Impact-Echo.

• Data Acquisition System:
  • 2 channels, 4 MB/channel
  • 8 bits resolution, 50 MHz bandwidth
  • -5V to 5V Input Voltage Range
  • USB interface
• Dry contact, high sensitivity, piezoelectric handheld transducers
• Accuracy (assuming a constant P-wave speed):
  • Thickness measurement, direct calibration: ± 2%
  • Thickness measurement by surface P-wave speed measurement: ± 3%
  • Depth of surface-opening cracks: ± 4%
• Operating conditions: Temperature: -10 to 50 °C, RH ≤ 95 %

DOC-700

Includes:

Item	Order #
Laptop computer	DOC-10
Data acquisition module with USB cable	DOC-20
Viking Freja software	DOC-30
Mark IV transducer	DOC-40
Star support with 5, 8 and 12 mm impactors	DOC-60
Impactors on spring rods, 5, 8, and 12 mm	DOC-70
Protection caps for transducer tips, 4 pcs	DOC-80
BNC cable	DOC-90
User Manual for Viking Freja software	DOC-150
Operation manual	DOC-160
Binder with testing case studies	DOC-170
Attaché case	DOC-120

DOC-4000

Includes:

Item	Order #
Laptop computer	DOC-10
Data acquisition module with USB cable	DOC-20
Viking Freja software	DOC-30
Viking LONGSHIP with long handle and two Mark IV handheld transducers	DOC-50
Star support with 5, 8 and 12 mm impactors	DOC-60
Impactors on spring rods, 5, 8, and 12 mm	DOC-70
Short handle for crack depth measurement	DOC-80
Protection caps for transducer tips, 8 pcs	DOC-90
BNC cable, 2 pcs.	DOC-100
Manual for Viking Freja software	DOC-150
Operation manual	DOC-160
Binder with testing case studies	DOC-170
Attaché case	DOC-130

To be ordered separately.

• Technical Data Sheet

• Publications

ASTM C1383, “Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo Method”

VAKKA are sensors that wirelessly monitors the environmental conditions within the concrete as it hardens. The patent-pending environmental chamber is unique to the VAKKA system and allows for faster and more accurate readings. It quickly equalizes the surrounding environment allowing precise measurements to be recorded within minutes of pouring your concrete.

The free mobile app and cloud service empowers the user’s team to make faster and more confident decisions. The data can be downloaded to the app at any time when a connected device is within the 3-4 m range of the sensor and is instantly uploaded to the cloud where it is shared with the team. The app estimates the compressive strength by using the user defined maturity curve and allows instant access to the temperature and relative humidity readings, plotting data, and reports.

With the VAKKA sensors, the traditional method of braking cylinders is improved in accuracy and project cost savings by reflecting better the concrete strength gain in real-time. On the other hand, by knowing the up-to-date level of relative humidity of in-place concrete, the timing in which floor coverings are installed, such as resilient flooring, wood, epoxy or polymer-based coatings, can be optimized.

Maturity sensors.

• Estimating the compressive strength at an early age using a user defined strength-maturity relationship.
• Timing of pullout testing with LOK-TEST for early-age strength measurement.
• Evaluating the effective in-place curing temperature
• Timing the surface treatment on floor slabs.
• Monitoring water penetration in concrete

Maturity sensors

• Free mobile App for Android and IOS devices
• Wireless technology
• Easy installation and activation
• Accurate real-time data display of relative humidity and temperature
• Normalizes to ambient conditions within minutes of placement
• Long storage life with external magnetic activation
• Rugged, crush proof and waterproof design
• Full reporting
• Cloud data storage for team access to projects from any location
• Maturity methods: ASTM C1074 Nurse/Saul and Arrhenius
• Measurement interval: 30 min (fixed)
• Maximum data collection: 4,000 data points (60 days)
• Operational battery life: > 4 months (active)
• Storage battery life: 10 years (unactive)
• Temperature accuracy: +/- 0.3 ^oC
• H. accuracy:  +/-2%
• Embedment depth: 1 m or 3 m probe available for VAKKA-Tx/HTx sensors
• Attachment: Galvanized tie-wires

 Maturity sensors.

VAKKA Ordering Numbers

• Technical datasheet

ASTM C1074 -Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method.

ASTM F2170 -Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes.

A concrete sample cut, grinded, polished, and tinted in the laboratory is mounted on a moving X-Y-Z stage positioned below a video camera. The RapidAir control unit automatically moves the stage, and the software determines the portion of the total traverse length that passes through the white air voids. The measurement is done within 12 min for linear traverse analysis and within 30 min for modified point count.
After the scan is completed, the air-void parameters are calculated as per ASTM C457 or EN 480-11. In addition, graphical presentation of the air-void distribution and the raw data are available.

Air-Void system Image.

• Determine the total air content, spacing factor, and specific surface in hardened concrete.
• Effectively and rapidly study and quantify the air void system: volume, spacing, and size distribution of the air bubbles.

Air-Void system Image.

• X,Y,Z-stage with electronic stepper motor for accurate X-Y displacement, 230/120 VAC, equipped with emergency switch
• LED ring lightening system
• Color digital camera, 2 µm resolution
• Microscope objective for op to 100x magnification
• Windows based software with user friendly interface
• Self-calibration with a reference sample
• Exporting of data to MS Excel
• Pint out reports for ASTM C 457 and EN 480-11.

Air-Void system Image. 

RapidAir Ordering Numbers

• Technical data-sheet 
• Publications

• More documentation is available upon request

• ASTM C457, “Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete.”
• EN 480-11, “Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods – Part 11: Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete.”

Besides the traditional use for interpretation of results of the impact-echo method, the Echolyst software incorporates innovative techniques to create 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-dimensional (3-D) visual representations of measurements obtained from a grid test points.

The essence of Echolyst is the technique for using the amplitudes of the different frequency components obtained at the grid points to construct a volumetric model of the test region from which locations of reflecting interfaces can be presented as images.

Impact-Echo test Software.

• Measure the thickness of pavements, asphalt overlays, plate-like concrete elements like slabs or walls, etc.
• Detect the presence and depth of voids and honeycombing
• Detect voids below slabs-on-ground
• Evaluate the quality of grout injection in post-tensioning cable ducts or joints for precast elements
• Integrity of a membrane below an asphalt overlay protecting structural concrete
• Delamination surveys of bridge decks, piers, cooling towers, chimneystacks, etc.
• Detect debonding of overlays and patches
• Detect ASR damage and freezing-and-thawing damage
• Measure the depth of surface-opening cracks
• Estimate early-age strength development (with proper correlation)

Impact-Echo test Software.

• Windows OS compatible
• Four Modules: Field Module, ProAnalysis Module, P-Wave Module and Crack Depth Module
• Full data acquisition parameters for Impact-Echo Method
• Voice output to speed up data acquisition
• 1D, 2D and 3D projections (tomographic B-Scan, C-Scan and D-Scan)
• Projection of results on real photos, drawings or CAD models
• Creation of flexible, comprehensive reports.

Impact-Echo test Software.

• Technical Data Sheet

ASTM C1383, “Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo Method”

ASR leads to expansive products that can cause extensive cracking in concrete structures. The alkalies (potassium and sodium ions) in the cement paste react with reactive (amorphous) silica particles in fine or coarse aggregate and cause expansion and cracking..
To reduce the risk of ASR in new concrete structures, the quantity of sodium and potassium ions in the cement paste of fresh concrete should be reduced so as not to exceed the critical limit defined in standards, guidelines or particular project specifications.
The RAT measures the amount of sodium and potassium ions in fresh concrete or in its constituents and can also be used for testing powder samples of hardened concrete.

Rapid Alkali Content Test.

• Optimization of concrete mixtures against ASR
• Quality Control
• Assessment of existing concrete suspected of presenting ASR problems

Rapid Alkali Content Test.

• Input Impedance: 1,012 Ohm
• Battery Type / Life: 1 x 9V / approx. 150 hours
• Auto-off after 20 minutes of non-use
• Environment: 0 to 50°C; RH max 95%
• Temperature and pH measuring capacity (pH electrode and temperature probe are sold separately)
• Range: ±1,999 mV
• Resolution: 0.1 mV for ±700 mV and 1 mV for ±2,000 mV
• Accuracy: 0.2 mV for ±700 mV and 1 mV for ±2,000 mV

Rapid Alkali Content Test.

Ordering Numbers:

Item	Order #
K+ electrode	RAT-700
Spare cover for K+ electrode	RAT-701
Na+ electrode	RAT-800
Spare cover for Na+ electrode	RAT-801
Reference electrode	RAT-900
Holster for electrodes	RAT-910
Electrometer w. spare battery	RAT-950
Adaptor switch box	RAT-960
Wetting agent for K+ electrode	RAT-970
Wetting agent for Na+ electrode	RAT-980
Wetting agent for ref. electrode	RAT-990
Set of filling syringes, three	RAT-1005
Spray bottle with distilled water	RAT-1010
Calibration liquid # 1	RAT-1020
Calibration liquid # 2	RAT-1030
Calibration liquid # 3	RAT-1040
Cleaning tissues	RAT-1050
Calibration sheets, 30 pcs	RAT-1060
Data sheets, 30 pcs	RAT-1070
Pencils (black and red) and ruler	RAT-1080
Spatula, 5 pcs	RAT-1090
Safety goggles	RAT-1100
Rubber gloves	RAT-1110
Mixing container	RAT-1120
Sampling cup for fresh concrete	RAT-1130
Plastic lid with holes for electrodes	RAT-1140
Temperature probe	RAT-1150
Vials for hardened concrete	RAT-1160
Vials for fresh concrete	RAT-1170
Manual	RAT-1180

• Technical datasheet

ASTM C114: “Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement”

ASTM C1778: “Standard Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete”

The CorroWatch is a multi-probe device consisting of four black steel bars acting as anodes and a noble metal as the cathode. It is attached to the rebars with plastic strips and the anodic bars are positioned at different elevations and when concrete is cast, CorroWatch allows determination of corrosion activity as a function of cover distance. The height of the anodes may be adjusted according to the thickness of the concrete cover.

In order to predict when corrosion activity has reached the anodes, the current between the individual anodes and the cathode is measured, either with a handheld Zero Ohm Ammeter or a datalogger. When corrosion starts, the measured current increases significantly.

It can also work along with the ERE-Probe (see technical data sheet) for monitoring of the electrical potentials in the anodes.

Reinforcement corrosion monitoring.

• Monitoring of reinforcement in critical areas for corrosion such as construction joints, splash zones in marine structures, bridge decks, bottoms of bridge columns exposed to ingress of chlorides, etc.
• Monitoring of the ingress of the depassivation front, due to chloride penetration or carbonation.

Reinforcement corrosion monitoring.

• Anodes: 4 black steel bars
  • Length = 60 mm
  • Diameter = 12 mm
• Anode default heights, H: 33, 38, 43 and 48 mm  
• Cathode’s chamber:
  • External diameter = 85 mm
  • Thickness = 20 mm
• Overall weight = 500 g

Reinforcement corrosion monitoring.

Ordering Numbers:

• Technical datasheet

No standards available.

The ERE-Probe (Embeddable Reference Electrode) is a stable, long life reference manganese dioxide electrode for monitoring the half-cell potential of reinforcement in concrete structures.
In new structures, the ERE-Probe is attached to the reinforcement by plastic straps before placement of the concrete. In existing structures, a hole is drilled to the required depth and the ERE-Probe is embedded using an appropriate cementitious mortar. The probe can be used for concrete exposed to chlorides or carbonation and will not induce corrosion or change the natural potential of the steel. A high impedance voltmeter is connected to the cable and used to measure the half-cell potential between the probe and the reinforcement.

Corrosion potential monitoring.

• Monitoring of reinforcement potentials in critical areas for corrosion such as construction joints, splash zones in marine structures, bridge decks, bottoms of bridge columns exposed to ingress of chlorides, etc.
• Monitoring of efficiency of cathodic protection
• Monitoring of ingress of the depassivation front, due to chloride penetration or carbonation, in combination with installing the CorroWatch (see technical data sheet)

Corrosion potential monitoring.

• Diameter ≈ 18 mm
• Length ≈ 85 mm (without protective cap)
• Typical potential = +205 ± 20 mV measured in a saturated Ca(OH)₂ solution at 23ºC vs Ag/AgCl electrode*
• Internal resistance < 5,000 Ohm measured in a saturated Ca(OH)₂ solution at 23ºC
• Variation: ±5 mV compared with the initial value at the same temperature and same electrolyte environment
• Operating temperature: 0 to +40ºC (false readings are expected during frost but they are recovered after thawing)

• Service life > 30 years

Corrosion potential monitoring.

Ordering Numbers:

• Technical datasheet

No standards available.

In contrast with traditional pulse velocity instruments, Pulsar incorporates two antenna arrays, each one with a set of 7 dry-point-contact (DPC) transducers, in order to work without a coupling material (grease or gel). The antennas are brought into contact with the surface of the test object directly which allows to make measurements much quicker. The receiving antenna is fixed to the electronic unit while the transmitting antenna is connected by a 3 meter cable.

Ultrasonic Velocity Tester.

• Assessment of concrete uniformity
• Locating internal voids and cracks
• Estimation of the extent and severity of deterioration
• Estimating depth of fire damaged concrete
• Evaluation of damage to test specimens during durability testing (freeze and thaw, sulfate attack, alkali-silica reaction)
• Estimation of depth of surface-opening cracks
• Estimation of early-age strength (with project/mixture specific correlation)
• Evaluation of condition or elastic properties of solid materials like rocks, bricks or composites.

Ultrasonic Velocity Tester.

• Antennas with an array of 7 dry point contact, undamped, longitudinal-wave transducers
• The signal waveform can be displayed
• Operating frequency: 50 kHz
• Rechargeable battery with 16 hours life
• 8”, 320 × 240 LCD screen
• Data transfer to computer via USB
• Transit time measurement range: 0.1 to 10,000 µs
• Pulse velocity measurement range: 1,000 to 15,000 m/s
• Transit time (t) measurement accuracy: ± (0.02∙t + 0.1) µs
• Resolution: 0.1 µs (transit time), 10 m/s (pulse velocity)
• Maximum distance to measure: 2,500 mm
• Automatic Gain Control (AGC) function.
• Storage capacity: 50,000 results
• Metric and inch-pound units
• Instrument’s weight: 420 g
• Instrument’s dimensions: 230 x 125 x 65 mm
• Operating conditions: Temperature: -10 to 50 °C,  RH ≤ 95 %

Ultrasonic Velocity Tester.

Pulsar (PUL-1000) Ordering Numbers

.

• Technical data-sheet 

ASTM C597: “Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete”

ASTM E494: “Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materials”

EN 12504-4: “Testing concrete. Determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity”

BS 1881:203: “Testing Concrete – Part 203: Recommendations for Measurement of Velocity of Ultrasonic Pulses in Concrete”

ACI 228.2R: “Report on Nondestructive Test Methods for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures”