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LOK-TEST & CAPO-TEST for in-place strength
The CAPO-TEST system is used to obtain a reliable estimate of the on-site compressive strength of concrete on existing structures.
The CAPO-TEST system is used to obtain a reliable estimate of the on-site compressive strength of concrete on existing structures.
Contact us Germann Instruments nondestructive testing systems
CAPO test in structural lightweight concrete, Brijesh et al, India 2025
LOK-TEST for timing of safe and early loading Canada
Strength Durabilty Curing Service Life of the Cover Layer
LOK-CAPO - Bridge structures
Intro BRIDGE STRUCTURES
Strength Presentation September 2023
Section 1: Theoretical Analysis, Fracture Mechanism and Correlations
Section 2: Rationale and testing cases, Standards.
Section 3: Hardware, Testing Procedures and Instruments.
Development of CAPO-TEST 1974
ACI publication: CAPO-TEST to Estimate Concrete Strength in Bridges.
In-Place Strength Without testing cores.
Core Testing
CAPO Procedure for shotcrete with testing example
CAPO-TEST Video
MORE PUBLICATIONS
AVA for Air Void Analysis of fresh concrete
AVA-3000, the Air Void Analyzer is used to measure the size distribution of voids and the air-void parameters of the fresh concrete.
AVA-3000, the Air Void Analyzer is used to measure the size distribution of voids and the air-void parameters of the fresh concrete.
AVA-3000, the Air Void Analyzer is used to measure the size distribution of voids and the air-void parameters of the fresh concrete.
AVA – Air Void Analyzer
AVA, Air Void Analyzer for fresh concrete
Real Air Testing in Real Time
Real Air Testing in Real Time video
AVA-3000 Literature Index
Report training AVA-3000
BOND-TEST for Tensile Strength
Literature:
Hindo.K.R: “In-place Bond Testing and Surface Preparation of Concrete “, Concrete International, April 1990, Vol 12. No.4
Petersen, C.G., Dahlblom, O. & Worters, P.: Bond-Test of Concrete and Overlays”, International Conference on NDT in Civil Engineering, Liverpool University, U.K., April 8-11th, 1997
Li, S., Frantz G.C & Stephens, J.E.: “Application of pull off test to assess the durability of Bond between new and old concrete subjected to deicer salts”, SP 168-13, American Concrete Institute, Michigan, USA
Petersen, C.G.: “Impact-echo testing for evaluating de-bonding of composite slabs prior to measuring the adhesion strength by pull-off in bonded areas”, In-Situ Testing A/S, Emdrupvej 102, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark, Oct.28th, 1999
Collins, B.A.: “Field Application of In-Situ Tensile Pull- off Tests”, Concrete Repair Bulletin, July/August 2004
Yun, K.K et al: “In Situ Criteria of Pull-Off Test for Measuring the Bond Strength of Latex Modified Concrete Overlay”, TRB 2004 Annual Conf., Washington, U.S, January 2004
Petersen, C.G. et al: “BOND-TEST Background Information” 2015
BOND-TEST for Tensile Strength
Acceptance Criteria ans Statistics:
Bond-Test, selection of control sections and rule decision for acceptance
Poulsen, E.: “Note on the determination of characteristic value of observations, AEC Consulting Engineers, Vedbæk Copenhagen, Denmark, 3rd of February, 2001
The BOND-TEST is used to conduct a pull-off test in accordance of Concrete Surfaces and Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials.
The BOND-TEST is used to conduct a pull-off test in accordance of Concrete Surfaces and Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials.
The BOND-TEST is used to conduct a pull-off test in accordance of Concrete Surfaces and Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials.
PROOVE’it (RCPT)
PROOVE´it, 3 ways to evaluate the resistance of concrete to chloride ions ingress: RCPT or Coulomb test, Chloride Migration Coefficient.
PROOVE´it, 3 ways to evaluate the resistance of concrete to chloride ions ingress: RCPT or Coulomb test, Chloride Migration Coefficient.
PROOVE´it, 3 ways to evaluate the resistance of concrete to chloride ions ingress: RCPT or Coulomb test, Chloride Migration Coefficient.
Bognacki, C.J., Pirozzi, M., Marsano, J. & Baumann, W: Rapid Chloride Permeability Testing’s Suitability for Use in Perofmance-Based Specifications, Concrete International, May 2010
Cussigh, F., Bonnard, V .,Carde, C. & Houdusse, O.: RION ANTIRION BRIDGE PROJECTS-Concrete Durability Towards Corrosion Risk, CONSEC ’07 Tours, France
Harikiopoulou, Papanikolas & Lykoudis: Concrete Durability towards corrosion risk – Protection strategy applied on the Rion-Antirion Bridge Project, CONSEC ’07 Tours, France
Hassanian, M.: The New Sitra Bridges, Concrete International
Nokken, M.R. &Hooton, R.D.: Electrical Conductivity Testing, Concrete International, Oct 2006
Lane, S.L. Detwiler, R.J. & Hooton, R.D.: Testing Transport Properties in Concrete, Concrete International, Nov 2010
Hooton, R.D. & Karkar, E.: Specifying Fluid Penetration Resistance of Concretes ICDC, 2012
Nokken, M.R. & Hooton, R.D.: Develepment of Early-Age Impermeability in High-Performance Concretes, PCI Bridge Conference and PCI/FHWA International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, Orlando FL 19-22,2003
Andrade, C., d’Andrea, R., Castillo, A. & Castellote, M.: The Use of Electrical Resistivity as NDT Method for Specification of the Durability of Reinforced Concrete, NDTCE’09, Nantes, France June 30th-July 3rd, 2009
Kaasgaard, M., Pade, C, Jonsson, U & Munch-Petersen, C: Comparison of Durability Parameters of self-compacting concrete and conventional slump concrete designed for marine enviroment, Nordic Concrete Research, Nordic Concrete Federation 1/2013, Publication No. 47, Oslo, Norway, 2013
Gjørv, O.E.: Durability Design and Quality Assurance of Concrete Infrastructures, Concrete International, Sept 2012
Gjørv, O.E.: Durability Design of Concrete Structures in Severe Enviroments, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway 2011
Gjørv, O.E.: Performance vs Prescriptive Durability Requirements, a Case Study, Norwegian University of Sience and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, 2011
Yazbeck & Wassim Mansour: Towards Performance Based Specifications, case Study on Construction Projects in Abu Dhabi, Readymix Abu Dhabi, 2012
Chloride Penetration in Concrete. Short overview and available Systems, 2015
GalvaPulse for Corrosion Rate, Half-Cell Potential and Electronic Resistance
galvapulse for corrosion rate gremann instruments
galvapulse for corrosion rate gremann instruments
galvapulse for corrosion rate gremann instruments
Corrosion rates by various authors
Klinghofer, O.: “In Situ Monitoring of Reinforcement Corrosion by means of Electrochemical Methods”, Nordic Concrete Research 95:1
Elsener, B., Klinghofer, O., Frolund, T., Rislund, E., Schiegg, Y. & Bohni, H.: “Assessment of Reinforcement Corrosion by means of Galvanostatic Pulse Technique”, Proceedings, International Conference on Repair of Concrete Structures, Svolvær, Norway, 1997
Frolund, T., Klinghofer, O. & Poulsen, E.: “Rebar Corrosion Rate Measurements for Service Life Estimates”, ACI Fall Convention 2000, Toronto, Canada
Bassler, R., Burkert, A., Frolund, T. & Klinghofer, O.: “Usage of Portable Equipment for Determination of Corrosion Stage of Concrete Structures”, Proceedings, International Conference EUROCORR 2001, Riva del Garda, Italy
Frolund, T., Jensen, F.M. & Bassler, R.: “Determination of Reinforcement Corrosion Rate by means of the Galvanostatic Pulse Technique”, First International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, IABMAS 2002, Barcelona, Spain
Sorensen, H.E. & Frolund, T.: “Monitoring of Reinforcement Corrosion in Marine Concrete Structures by the Galvanostatic Pulse Method”, Proceedings, International Conference on Concrete in Marine Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam, Oct. 2002
Frolund, T., Klinghofer, O. & Sorensen, H.E.: “Pro´s and Con´s of Half-Cell Potentials and Corrosion Rate Measurements”, Structural Faults and Repair-2003, Tenth International Conference, The Commonwealth Institute, London, UK
Bassler, R., Burkert, A., Frolund, T. & Klinghofer, O.: “Usage of GPM-Portable Equipment for Determination of Corrosion Stage of Concrete Structures”, Corrosion 2003, Paper No. 03388, NACE International, Houston, Texas, USA
Germann Water Permeability Test (GWT):
water permeability test gremann instruments
water permeability test gremann instruments
water permeability test gremann instruments
Cark, A. I. – The influence of silica fume and curing temperature on water permeability of concrete
Permeability of concrete: A study intended for the “In-Situ” valuation using portable instruments and traditional techniques
Trezos, K. G.: WATER PERMEABILITY OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
Mohammadi, B. & Nokken, M.: Development of Concrete Water Absorption Testing for Quality Control
ICAR Rheometer:
The ICAR Plus Rheometer is a rugged, portable instrument for measuring fundamental flow (rheological) properties of fresh concrete.
The ICAR Plus Rheometer is a rugged, portable instrument for measuring fundamental flow (rheological) properties of fresh concrete.
The ICAR Plus Rheometer is a rugged, portable instrument for measuring fundamental flow (rheological) properties of fresh concrete.
Rheology & ICAR Plus Introduction.pdf
ICAR Rheometer – Video
ICAR Rheometer.pdf
ICAR Plus Banner
Introduction ICAR Plus Rheometer
Ferraris, Overview ACI238 Guide
Daczko, Testing
Khayat, Rheology Worability
Rheological parameters of fresh concrete/ Comparison of Rheometers
DOCter Impact-Echo Test System
The Mirador is a versatile, portable system, empowered by Echolyst software, based on the impact-echo method
The Mirador is a versatile, portable system, empowered by Echolyst software, based on the impact-echo method
The BOND-TEST is used to conduct a pull-off test in accordance of Concrete Surfaces and Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials.
KUUSJOKI BRIDGE (U-2306) Condition Assessment of Surface Structures by using NDT and DT Inspection Techniques, RAMBOLL FINLAND OY
Onsite measurements of concrete structures using Impact-echo and Impulse Response
DOCter Impact-Echo Testing cases
DOCter Impact-Echo Testing for delaminations in marine anchor blocks, PPP
DOCter Impact-Echo Testing of Steel Cable Ducts for voids, PPP
Viking software version 6.0 & DOC-2000
Viking 6.0 software instruction manual
Literature list Impact-echo
Rapid Air for air void analysis of hardened content
rapid air for void analysis of hardened content gremann instruments
rapid air for void analysis of hardened content gremann instruments
rapid air for void analysis of hardened content gremann instruments
U.H. Jakobsen: “THE RAPIDAIR SYSTEM FOR AIR VOID ANALYSIS OF HARDENED CONCRETE – A ROUND ROBIN STUDY”.
C. Pade, U. H. Jakobsen, and J. Elsen: “NEW AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR ANALYZING THE AIR VOID SYSTEM IN HARDENED CONCRETE”.
T. D. Hanson: “Evaluation of the RapidAir 457 Air Void Analyzer by Iowa Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration”.
Rapid Chloride Test System
The Profile Grinder allows to obtain concrete powder samples at small depth increments for accurate determination of chloride ion profiles.
RCT and RCTW is a portable kit to accurate and immediate determination of chloride ion content in concrete powder samples.
The Profile Grinder allows to obtain concrete powder samples at small depth increments for accurate determination of chloride ion profiles.
Chlorides in concrete, overview:
Chloride attack of reinforced concrete: an overview
RCT and correlations:
RCT Comparison
Rapid Chloride Test, RCT-Metoden. In Danish
Rapid Chloride Test, The RCT Method
RCT Data summary of 14 correlations between RCT measurements and laboratory measurements (Volhadt Titrations, coulour titrations, ion cromatography and outo analysis)
Reference Concrete Powders with known amount of chloride content
Chloride attack of reinforced concrete: an overview
ICAR Rheometer:
Chloride Profiles and Service Life:
The Profile Grinder PF-1100, Mark II
Threshold values of chloride concentration in concrete in different enviroment. In Danish
Chloride Profiles, Analysis and Interpretation of Observations
On a Model of chloride ingress in concrete having time dependant diffusion coefficient
Chloride ingress into and lifetime of marine reinforced concrete structures
Characteristic Value of initiation time with special referanceto marine RC structures
Chloride Penetration in Concrete. Short overview and available Systems, 2015
Application examples of the RCT:
Chloride exposure on Gimsoystraumen Bridge-results from extended condition survey
Chloride penetration in marine enviroment
Field measurement and experience of chloride induced of reinforcement in submerged structures
Chloride corrosion in Danish Road-Bridge Columns
Investigation of Popout and Scalling in Concrete Driveways
Prediction of Service Life and Choice of Repair Strategy
Testing Examples
Impulse-Response Publications
s’MASH Standard Practice for Evaluating the Condition of Concrete Plates Using the Impulse-Response Method.
s’MASH: Standard Practice for Evaluating the Condition of Concrete Plates Using the Impulse-Response Method.
The s’MASH: Standard Practice for Evaluating the Condition of Concrete Plates Using the Impulse-Response Method.
s’MASH Impulse Response System:
From theory to field experience with the non-destructive vibration testing of piles
The nondestructive impulse response test in North America: 1985-2001
Theoretical interpretation of impulse response test of embedded concrete structures
Impact-Echo and Impulse Response Testing
Nondestructive evaluation of prestressed concrete bridges using impulse response
Verification of concrete placement in postensioned bridge box girders using a rapid nondestructive test method
Nondestructive Testing Verifies Quality of Repair
Rapid and economical evaluation of concrete tunnel linings with impulse response and impulse radar nondestructive methods
Industrual floors on ground
The economic benefit of impulse response testing
High-tech testing, evaluation & repair of earthquake-damage concrete structures
Working for keeps, Nondestructive testing helps owners restore historic bridges
In-situ Quality of Structural Strengthening by Epoxy-Bonded CFRP-Strips
Nondestructive evaluation of concrete problems in some large-volume structures
Locating Concrete Consolidation Problems using the Nondestructive Impulse Response Test
Testing of Pipelines with Impulse Response. In French
KUUSJOKI BRIDGE (U-2306) Condition Assessment of Surface Structures by using NDT and DT Inspection Techniques, RAMBOLL FINLAND OY
Repair monitoring using Impulse – Response method
Slide show of the s’MASH, PPP
Evaluation of Historic Reinforced Concrete Bridges
Rapid non-destructive test method at the Taiwan High-Speed Rail project
s’MASH Testing Cases
s’MASH VIDEO demonstration
Integrity, ACI Oct. 2010
Inspection, evaluation and repair monitoring of cracked concrete floor using NDT methods
s’MASH – Spanish.pdf
Repair monitoring of cracked industrial floor with sMASH and DOCter
s’MASH Pile Testing System:
Clausen. J.S., Nikolaos, Z. and Knudsen, A., “Onsite measurements of concrete structures using Impact echo and Impulse Response”
Gassman, S.L. and Finno,R.J., “CUTOFF FREQUENCIES FOR IMPULSE RESPONSE TESTS OF EXISTING FOUNDATIONS”
GORZELANCZYK, T., SADOWSKI, L. and SCHABOWICZ, K., “NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF THE CONCRETE PREFABRICATED PILE LENGTH USING IMPULSE RESPONSE sMASH”
Ultrasonic-Echo
The Mirador is a versatile, portable system, empowered by Echolyst software, based on the impact-echo method
The Mirador is a versatile, portable system, empowered by Echolyst software, based on the impact-echo method
The Mirador is a versatile, portable system, empowered by Echolyst software, based on the impact-echo method
Hoegh, K., Khazanovich, L., Correlation Analysis of 2D Tomographic Images for Flaw Detection in Pavements. ASTM International. Journal of Testing and Evaluation. Volume 40. Issue 2. March 2012
Hoegh, K., Khazanovich, L., Yu, H.T., CONCRETE PAVEMENT JOINT DIAGNOSTICS USING ULTRASONIC TOMOGRAPHY
Hoegh K., Khazanovich L., Yu H.T. Ultrasonic Tomography Technique for Evaluation of Concrete Pavements. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2232, pp. 85-94. 2011
Hoegh, K., Khazanovich, L., Maser, K., Tran, N., EVALUATION OF AN ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING DELAMINATION IN ASPHALT PAVEMENTS
INSPECTION OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES BY ULTRASOUND 3D TOMOGRAPHER SYSTEM, PPP
MIRA Tomographer.pdf
EyeCon.pdf
Surfer.pdf
NEW EXTENSION HANDLE FOR THE MIRA ANTENNA.pdf
Evaluación de Integridad Estructural mediante Tomografía Tridimensional Utrasónica (MIRA). Parte 1
Evaluación de Integridad Estructural mediante Tomografía Tridimensional Utrasónica (MIRA). Parte 2
Testing of honeycombing in a Reinforced Concrete Slab using Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo (EYECON)
Non-Destructive Testing of joints in precast element structures using DOCTER Impact-Echo and MIRA Ultrasonic-Echo Methods
Auto-Shrink
Auto-Shrink is used to measuring the unrestrained autogenous shrinkage of a specimen of cement paste or mortar cured under sealed conditions.
Auto-Shrink is used to measuring the unrestrained autogenous shrinkage of a specimen of cement paste or mortar cured under sealed conditions.
Auto-Shrink is used to measuring the unrestrained autogenous shrinkage of a specimen of cement paste or mortar cured under sealed conditions.
ASTM C 1698-09 Standard Test Method for Autogenous Strain of Cement Past and Mortar.
Materials and Structures, 1995, 28, 406-409: O. Mejlhede Jensen & P. Freiesleben Hansen: A dilatometer for measuring autogenous deformation in hardening Portland cement paste.
Materials and Structures, DOI 10.1617/s11527-006-9180-2: P. Lura & O. Mejlhede Jensen: Measuring techniques for autogenous strain of cement paste.
Materials and Structures, Dec. 2003, 36, 661-665: T. Ostergaard & O. Mejlhede Jensen: A thermal comparator sensor for measuring autogenous deformation in hardening Portland cement paste.
Technical University of Denmark, Department of Structural Engineering and Materials, June 1996: O. Mejlhede Jensen: Dilatometer – further development.
Cement and Concrete Research, 2002, 32.6, pg 973-978, Jensen, O.M. & Hansen, P.F.: Water-entrained cement-based materials, II. Experimental observation.
PCA R&D Serial No. 2925, 2005, Lura, P. & Jensen, O.M.: Volumetric Measurement in Water Bath – An Inappropriate Method to Measure Autogenous Strain of Cement Paste.
