Impact-echo Literature

  1. Sansalone, M., and Carino, N.J., 1986, “Impact-Echo: A Method for Flaw Detection in Concrete Using Transient Stress Waves,” NBSIR 86-3452, National Bureau of Standards, , 222 p. (Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA, 22161, PB #87-104444/AS).
  1. Sansalone, M, 1997, “Impact-Echo: The Complete Story,” ACI Structural Journal, Vo.94, No. 6, November-December, pp. 777-786.
  1. Carino, N.J., 2013, “Training: Often the Missing Link in Using NDT Methods,” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 38, January, pp.1316-1329
  1. Sansalone, M., and Streett, W. B., 1997, Impact-Echo: Nondestructive Testing of Concrete and Masonry, Bullbrier Press, Jersey Shore, P.
  1. Graff, K. F., Wave Motion in Elastic Solids, Ohio State University Press, 1975.
  1. Carino, N.J., Sansalone, M., and Hsu, N.N., 1986, “Flaw Detection in Concrete by Frequency Spectrum Analysis of Impact-Echo Waveforms,” in International Advances in Nondestructive Testing, Ed. W.J. McGonnagle, Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, New York, pp. 117-146.
  1. Krautkrämer, J. and Krautkrämer, H., 1990, Ultrasonic Testing of Materials, 4th Ed.,Springer-Verlag, New York.International SymposiumNon-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE),September 15 – 17, 2015, Berlin, Germany.
  1. Sansalone, M., and Carino, N. J., 1990, “Finite Element Studies of the Impact-EchoResponse of Layered Plates Containing Flaws,” in International Advances in Nondestructive Testing, 15th Ed. W. McGonnagle, Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1990, pp. 313-336.
  1. Cheng, C., and Sansalone, M., 1993, “Effects on Impact-Echo Signals Caused by Steel Reinforcing Bars and Voids Around Bars,” ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 90, No. 5, Sept, pp. 421-434. 
  1. Gibson, A. and Popovics, J.A., 2005, “Lamb Wave Basis for Impact-Echo Method Analysis,” J. of Engineering Mechanics (ASCE), 131, No. 4, April, pp. 438-443.
  1. Lin, Y. and Sansalone, M., 1992a, “Detecting Flaws in Concrete Beams and Columns, Using the Impact-Echo Method,” ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 89, No. 4, July-August 1992, pp. 394-405.
  1. Lin, Y., and Sansalone, M., 1992b, “Transient Response of Thick Circular and Square Bars Subjected to Transverse Elastic Impact,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 91. No.2, February 1992, pp. 885-893.
  1. Popovics, J.A., 1997, “Effect of Poisson’s Ratio on Impact-Echo Method Analysis,” of Engineering Mechanics (ASCE), Vol. 123, No. 8, August 1997, pp. 843-851.
  1. Bracewell, R., 1978, The Fourier Transform and its Applications, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 444 p.
  1. Goldsmith, W., 1965, Impact: The Theory and Physical Behavior of Colliding Solids, Edward Arnold Press, Ltd., pp. 24-50.
  1. Sansalone, M. and Carino, N.J., 1989, “Detecting Delaminations in Concrete Slabs with and without Overlays Using the Impact-Echo Method,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 86, No. 2, March, pp. 175-184.
  1. Sansalone, M., Lin, J.M., and Streett, W.B., 1997a,”A Procedure for Determining P-Wave Speed in Concrete for Use in Impact-Echo Testing Using a P-Wave Speed Measurement Technique,” ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 94, No. 6, November-December, 1997, pp. 531-539
  1. .Nicholas J. Carino, “Impact Echo: The Fundamentals”, International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE)September 15 – 17, 2015, Berlin, Germany, 18 p
  1. ASTM C1383, “Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates using the Impact-Echo Method,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol. 04.02, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
  1. ACI 228.2R, “Nondestructive Test Methods for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures,”American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI

Further literature:

  1. Mary Sansalone and Nicholas J. Carino, Impact-Echo Method. Detecting honeycombing, the depth of Surface-opening cracks, and ungrouted ducts. Concrete International, April 1988, pp. 38-46.
  1. Mary Sansalone and Nicholas J. Carino, Detecting Delaminations in Reinforced Concrete Slabs with and without Asphalt Concrete Overlays Using the Impact-Echo Method.Materials Journal of the American Concrete Institute, March/April, 1989,pp.175-184
  1. Cheng and M. Sansalone, The Impact-Echo Response of Concrete Plates Containing Delaminations – Numerical, Experimental, and Field Studies, Department of Structural Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, U.S.A RILEM Journal of Materials and Structures, Vol. 26, 1993
  1. Mary Sansalone, Nicholas J. Carino, Nelson N Hsu., A Finite Element Study of the Interaction of Transient Stress Waves With Planar Flaws. National Bureau of Standards Journal of Research, July/August, 1987, pp.279-290
  1. Yiching Lin, Mary Sansalone, and Nicholas J. Carino, Finite Element Studies of the Impact-Echo Response of plates containing Thin   Layers and Voids, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1988
  1. Mary Sansalone and Nicholas J. Carino: Finite Element Studies of the Impact-Echo Response of Layered Plates containing Flaws, International Advances in Nondestructive Testing of Concrete, 15th ed. W.G. McGronnagle, Ed., Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1990   pp 313-336. 
  1. Lin, Y. and Sansalone,M, Detecting Flaws in Concrete Beams and Columns using the Imapct-Echo Method. Materials Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 89, No. 4, May 1992:
  1. Yiching Lin, and Mary Sansalone, Transient response of Thick rectangular bars subjected to transverse elastic Impact, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 91, No. 4, April 1992.
  1. Yiching Lin, Mary Sansalone, and Nicholas J. Carino, Impact-Echo Response of Concrete Shafts.Published in Geotechnical Testing Journal (ASTM) 1990.
  1. Yiching Lin and Mary Sansalone, Impact response of bars, with applications to concrete beams, columns, and shafts Cornell University, Report No. 91-3, Ithaca, New York, May 1991:
  1. Jiunn-Ming Lin and Mary Sansalone, The Transverse Elastic Impact Response of Thick Hollow Cylinders.Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1993.
  1. Jiunn-Ming Lin and Mary Sansalone, Integrity Testing of Hollw Cylindrical Concret Structures Using the Impact-Echo Method. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, Report No. 2 92-8, December 1992
  1. Chia-Chi Cheng and Mary Sansalone, Effects on Impact-Echo signals Caused by Steel Reinforcing Bars and Voids Around Bars. ACI Materials Journal, V. 90, N0. 5, September-October 1993.
  1. Stephen P. Pessiki and Nicholas J. Carino, Setting Time and Strength of Concrete Using the Impact-Echo Method.ACI Materials Journal, July-August, 1989.
  1. Donald Pratt and Mary Sansalone, The Use of a natural Network for Automating Impact-Echo Interpretation. Proceedings of the Review in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, July 1990.
  1. Donald Pratt and Mary Sansalone: Impact-Echo Signal Interpretation Using Artificial Intelligence. La Jolla, California, Vol. 10, Plenum Publishing Corporation, Materials Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 89, No. 2, March/April 199.
  2. Mary Sansalone, Yiching Lin, Donald Pratt , and Chia-Chi Cheng, Advancements and new Applications in Impact-Echo Testing. Published in the Proceedings of the ACI International Conference on Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures and Innovations in  Design, Hong Kong, Dec. 1991.
  1. Barbara J. Jaeger and Mary Sansalone: Detection of Voids in Grouted Tendon Ducts in Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures Using the Impact-Echo Method.Structural Engineering, School of Civil and Enviromental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, January 1995.
  1. Carsten Henriksen og Erik Stoklund Larsen, Vejdirektoratet, Denmark. Driftsområdet – Broafdelingen, Impact-Echo: Non-destructive Testing of Concrete.Notat 15, 1994.
  1. Mary Sansalone and Chia-Chi Cheng, Determing the minimum Crack. With that can be Detected Using the Impact-echo Method, Part I: Experimental Study, RILEM Journal of Materials and Structures, Jan. 1994
  1. Mary Sansalone and Chia-Chi Cheng, Determing the minimum Crack With that can be Detected Using the Impact-echo Method, Part II: Numerical Fracture Analyses., RILEM Journal of Materials and Structures: 1994,
  1. Mary Sansalone and Chia-Chi Cheng, The Impact-Echo response of Hollow Cylindrical Concrete Structures Surrounded by Soil or Rock, Part 1 – Numerical Studies.American Society of Testing and Materials – Journal of Geotechnical Testing, Vol. 17, No. 2, June 1994:
  1. Mary Sansalone and J.M. Lin, The Impact-Echo Response of Hollow Cylindrical Concrete Structures Surrounded by Soil and Rock, Part 2 – Field Studies, American Society of Testing and Materials – Journal of Geotechnical Testing, Vol. 17, 2, June, 1994:
  1. Mary Sansalone and Chia-Chi Cheng, The Effects of Steel Response of Concrete Around Bars on Impact-Echo Signals.Materials Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 90, No. 5, Sept-Oct 1993:
  1. Mary Sansalone and J.M. Lin, The Transient Response of Hollow Cylindrical Structures Subjected to Transverse Elastic Impact. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1993
  1. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration: Implementation: Impact-Echo Device: A New Tool for Nondestructive Measurement of Pavement Thickness. FOCUS, July 1994, Strategic Highway Research Program, USA
  1. Mary Sansalone and Y. Lin, Transient Response of Thick Circular and Square Bars Subjected to Transvers Elastic Impact, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 91, No. 2., February 1992:
  1. J. Carino and Mary Sansalone, Detecting Voids in Metal Tendon Ducts Using the Impact-Echo Method, Materials Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 89, No. 3, May/June 1992.
  1. Lin, N.J. Carino and M. Sansalone, Finite Element Studies of the Transient Response of Plates Containing Thin Layers and Flaws. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1991
  1. Mary Sansalone and N.J. Carino, in “Handbook on Nondestructive Testing of Concrete”, M. Malhotra and N.J. Carino, eds., CRC Press, inc., 1991
  1. Mary Sansalone and N.J. Carino, Stress Wave Propagation Methods. In Nondestructive Testing of Concrete, Laboratory and Field Study of the Impact-Echo Method for Flaw Detection in          Concrete. Special Publication of the American Concrete Institute, 1988, pp. 1-20:
  1. Mary Sansalone and N.J. Carino, The Transient Impact Response of plates Containing Disk-shaped Flaws., National Bureau of Standards Journal of Research, Nov./Dec., 1987, pp. 369-381:
  1. Mary Sansalone and N.J. Carino, The Transient Impact Response of Thick Circular Plates.National Bureau of Standards Journal of Research, Nov./Dec., 1987, pp. 355-367
  1. Mary Sansalone, N.J. Carino and N.N. Hsu, A Finite Element Study of Transient Wave Propagation in Plates. National Bureau of Standards Journal of Research, Nov./Dec., 1987, pp. 267-278:
  1. Mary Sansalone, N.J. Carino and N.N. Hsu, Flaw Detection in Concrete by Frequency Spectrum Analysis of Imoact-Echo Waveform International Advances in Nondestructive Testing, 12th Edition, W.J. McGonnagle, Ed., Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1986, pp. 117-146:
  1. Mary Sansalone, N.J. Carino and N.N. Hsu, A Point Source – Point Reciever Technique for Flaw Detection in Concrete.Journal of the American Concretes Institute, Vol. 83, No. 2, April, 1986, pp. 199-208.
  1. A. Cumming, P.T. Seabrook, and V.M. Malhotra, Evaulation of Several Nondestructive Testing Techniques for Locating Voids in Grouted Tendon Ducts, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1990
  1. Mary Sansalone and Nicholas J. Carino, Impact-Echo: A Method for Flaw Detection in Concrete Using Transient Stress Waves. NBSIR 86-3452, National Bureau of  Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, Sept. 1986, pp. 222.
  1. Mary Sansalone, Donald Pratt, And Chia-Chi Cheng: Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks using the Impact-Echo Method. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
  1. Mary Sansalone and Randy Posten, Detecting Cracks in Beams and Columns of a Post-tensione Parking garage Structure using the Impact-Echo method, Proceedings of the Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Structures and Materials, Boulder, Colorado, May 1992
  1. A. Cumming, and O.S. Ooi: Locating Delaminations and other Defects Concrete Silo Walls using the Impact- Echo Method. The Structural Concrete Conference, Toronto, May 1993:
  1. Randall W. Poston, Impact-Echo for Flaw Detection in Concrete Highway Structures, Structural Materials Technology, An NDT Conference, February 23-25,1994, Atlantic City, New Jersey
  1. G. Clemaña, Use of Impact-Echo Method in Nondestructive Measurements of the Thickness of New Concrete Pavement. Structural Materials Technology, An NDT Conference, February 23-25,          1994, Atlantic City, New Jersey:
  1. Pessiki and M. Johnson, Nondestructive Evaluation of Concrete Strength using the Impact-Echo Method, Structural Materials Technology, An NDT Conference, February 23-25,1994, Atlantic City, New Jersey:
  1. Mary Sansalone, Results from Impact-Echo Tests on Los Angeles Seawall, Cornell University, Hollister Hall, Ithaca NY 14853-3501.
  1. Carsten Henriksen, Impact-Echo-Test. Praktisk afprøvning; Foreløbige resultater. (In Danish), Indlæg ved NVF-61-Seminar in Reykjavik, Iceland, August 1993.