The impact-echo method is based on monitoring the periodic arrival of reflected stress waves generated by a small mechanical impact. Unlike traditional ultrasonic pulse velocity testers that require access to both faces of a member and it is not possible to determine the depth to anomalies, DOCter requires access to only one face and is able to obtain information on the depth of  internal flaws or the thickness of a solid member.

DOCter impact-echo

• Measure the thickness of pavements, asphalt overlays, plate-like concrete elements like slabs or walls, etc.
• Detect the presence and depth of voids and honeycombing
• Detect voids below slabs-on-ground
• Evaluate the quality of grout injection in post-tensioning cable ducts or joints for precast elements
• Integrity of a membrane below an asphalt overlay protecting structural concrete
• Delamination surveys of bridge decks, piers, cooling towers, chimneystacks, etc.
• Detect debonding of overlays and patches
• Detect ASR damage and freezing-and-thawing damage
• Measure the depth of surface-opening cracks
• Estimate early-age strength development (with proper correlation)

DOCter Impact-Echo.

• Data Acquisition System:
  • 2 channels, 4 MB/channel
  • 8 bits resolution, 50 MHz bandwidth
  • -5V to 5V Input Voltage Range
  • USB interface
• Dry contact, high sensitivity, piezoelectric handheld transducers
• Accuracy (assuming a constant P-wave speed):
  • Thickness measurement, direct calibration: ± 2%
  • Thickness measurement by surface P-wave speed measurement: ± 3%
  • Depth of surface-opening cracks: ± 4%
• Operating conditions: Temperature: -10 to 50 °C, RH ≤ 95 %

DOC-700

Includes:

Item	Order #
Laptop computer	DOC-10
Data acquisition module with USB cable	DOC-20
Viking Freja software	DOC-30
Mark IV transducer	DOC-40
Star support with 5, 8 and 12 mm impactors	DOC-60
Impactors on spring rods, 5, 8, and 12 mm	DOC-70
Protection caps for transducer tips, 4 pcs	DOC-80
BNC cable	DOC-90
User Manual for Viking Freja software	DOC-150
Operation manual	DOC-160
Binder with testing case studies	DOC-170
Attaché case	DOC-120

DOC-4000

Includes:

Item	Order #
Laptop computer	DOC-10
Data acquisition module with USB cable	DOC-20
Viking Freja software	DOC-30
Viking LONGSHIP with long handle and two Mark IV handheld transducers	DOC-50
Star support with 5, 8 and 12 mm impactors	DOC-60
Impactors on spring rods, 5, 8, and 12 mm	DOC-70
Short handle for crack depth measurement	DOC-80
Protection caps for transducer tips, 8 pcs	DOC-90
BNC cable, 2 pcs.	DOC-100
Manual for Viking Freja software	DOC-150
Operation manual	DOC-160
Binder with testing case studies	DOC-170
Attaché case	DOC-130

To be ordered separately.

• Technical Data Sheet

• Publications

ASTM C1383, “Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo Method”

Besides the traditional use for interpretation of results of the impact-echo method, the Echolyst software incorporates innovative techniques to create 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-dimensional (3-D) visual representations of measurements obtained from a grid test points.

The essence of Echolyst is the technique for using the amplitudes of the different frequency components obtained at the grid points to construct a volumetric model of the test region from which locations of reflecting interfaces can be presented as images.

Impact-Echo test Software.

• Measure the thickness of pavements, asphalt overlays, plate-like concrete elements like slabs or walls, etc.
• Detect the presence and depth of voids and honeycombing
• Detect voids below slabs-on-ground
• Evaluate the quality of grout injection in post-tensioning cable ducts or joints for precast elements
• Integrity of a membrane below an asphalt overlay protecting structural concrete
• Delamination surveys of bridge decks, piers, cooling towers, chimneystacks, etc.
• Detect debonding of overlays and patches
• Detect ASR damage and freezing-and-thawing damage
• Measure the depth of surface-opening cracks
• Estimate early-age strength development (with proper correlation)

Impact-Echo test Software.

• Windows OS compatible
• Four Modules: Field Module, ProAnalysis Module, P-Wave Module and Crack Depth Module
• Full data acquisition parameters for Impact-Echo Method
• Voice output to speed up data acquisition
• 1D, 2D and 3D projections (tomographic B-Scan, C-Scan and D-Scan)
• Projection of results on real photos, drawings or CAD models
• Creation of flexible, comprehensive reports.

Impact-Echo test Software.

• Technical Data Sheet

ASTM C1383, “Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo Method”

In contrast with traditional pulse velocity instruments, Pulsar incorporates two antenna arrays, each one with a set of 7 dry-point-contact (DPC) transducers, in order to work without a coupling material (grease or gel). The antennas are brought into contact with the surface of the test object directly which allows to make measurements much quicker. The receiving antenna is fixed to the electronic unit while the transmitting antenna is connected by a 3 meter cable.

Ultrasonic Velocity Tester.

• Assessment of concrete uniformity
• Locating internal voids and cracks
• Estimation of the extent and severity of deterioration
• Estimating depth of fire damaged concrete
• Evaluation of damage to test specimens during durability testing (freeze and thaw, sulfate attack, alkali-silica reaction)
• Estimation of depth of surface-opening cracks
• Estimation of early-age strength (with project/mixture specific correlation)
• Evaluation of condition or elastic properties of solid materials like rocks, bricks or composites.

Ultrasonic Velocity Tester.

• Antennas with an array of 7 dry point contact, undamped, longitudinal-wave transducers
• The signal waveform can be displayed
• Operating frequency: 50 kHz
• Rechargeable battery with 16 hours life
• 8”, 320 × 240 LCD screen
• Data transfer to computer via USB
• Transit time measurement range: 0.1 to 10,000 µs
• Pulse velocity measurement range: 1,000 to 15,000 m/s
• Transit time (t) measurement accuracy: ± (0.02∙t + 0.1) µs
• Resolution: 0.1 µs (transit time), 10 m/s (pulse velocity)
• Maximum distance to measure: 2,500 mm
• Automatic Gain Control (AGC) function.
• Storage capacity: 50,000 results
• Metric and inch-pound units
• Instrument’s weight: 420 g
• Instrument’s dimensions: 230 x 125 x 65 mm
• Operating conditions: Temperature: -10 to 50 °C,  RH ≤ 95 %

Ultrasonic Velocity Tester.

Pulsar (PUL-1000) Ordering Numbers

.

• Technical data-sheet 

ASTM C597: “Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete”

ASTM E494: “Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materials”

EN 12504-4: “Testing concrete. Determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity”

BS 1881:203: “Testing Concrete – Part 203: Recommendations for Measurement of Velocity of Ultrasonic Pulses in Concrete”

ACI 228.2R: “Report on Nondestructive Test Methods for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures”

The Surfer measures the pulse transit time from transmitter to receiver and computes the pulse velocity using the known distance between two dry-point-contact (DPC) transducers brought into contact with the test object´s surface. Thus, ultrasonic pulse velocity can be measured without having access to opposite sides of the test object. In contrast with traditional pulse velocity instruments (based on through transmission), Surfer measures the wave speed in the near-surface concrete.

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Tester.

• Assessment of concrete uniformity
• Estimation of depth of surface-opening cracks
• Estimation of the extent and severity of deterioration of near-surface concrete
• Evaluate flexural strength of stone panels using correlations
• Evaluation of damage to test specimens during durability testing (freezing and thawing, sulfate attack, alkali-silica reaction)
• Estimation of early-age strength development (with project/mixture specific correlation)

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Tester.

• Dry point contact, longitudinal-wave transducers with ceramic wearing tips.
• Distance between transducers: 150 mm.
• 50 kHz center frequency.
• Nominal voltage: 3.3 V.
• Rechargeable battery with 16 hours life.
• LCD screen.
• Data transfer to computer via USB.
• Transit time range: 12.5 to 150 µs.
• Transit time (t) measurement accuracy: ± (0.01∙t + 0.1) µs.
• Crack depth measurement range: 10 to 60 mm.
• Pulse repetition frequency: 2 to 25 Hz.
• Automatic Gain Control (AGC) function.
• Storage capacity: 50,000 results.
• Metric and inch-pound units.
• Instrument’s weight: 450 g.
• Instrument’s dimensions: 235 x 155 x 65 mm.
• Operating conditions: Temperature: -20 to 50 °C, RH ≤ 95 %.

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Tester.

Surfer Kit (SURF-1000) 

Includes:

.

• Technical data-sheet 

ASTM C597: “Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete”

ASTM E494: “Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Materials”

BS EN 12504-4: “Testing concrete. Determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity”

ACI 228.2R: “Report on Nondestructive Test Methods for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures”

MIRA 3D is based on the ultrasonic pitch-catch method and uses an antenna composed of an array of advance active dry point contact (A-DPC) transducers with enhanced penetration depth, which emit shear waves into the concrete and receive them. The 4 by 8 transducer array is under wireless control by a powerful smartphone (control unit) and the recorded data are analyzed to create either a 2-D or a 3-D image (for classic linear mode or the newly incorporated matrix mode, respectively) representing the locations of reflecting interfaces of objects within the concrete’s cross section below the antenna. Multiple series of images obtained from a surface scan of the test element can be “stitched” together to create a full 3-D model that can be visualized directly in the screen of the MIRA 3D control unit or alternatively, transferred to a laptop computer that contains the IntroView 3-D visualization software with additional tools to manipulate the 3-D images for interpretation and reporting of test results.

MIRA 3D can be upgraded later to MIRA 3D PRO by ordering a second antenna array. The extended MIRA 3D PRO device offers the largest scan coverage and penetration depth.

Alternatively, MIRA 3D PRO can be ordered directly as a complete system. The instrument can always be used with one single antenna when needed.   

Ultrasonic pulse echo tomographer.

• Thickness measurement
• Detection of voids and honeycombing in concrete elements
• Detection of voids in grouted tendon ducts
• Detection of poor-quality bond in overlays and repairs
• Detection of delaminations
• Detection of lack of support behind tunnel linings and below slabs on grade.

Ultrasonic pulse echo tomographer.

• Active dry point contact (A-DPC), shear-wave transducers with wear-resistant ceramic tips and integrated pulser-receiver electronics
• Spring loaded, 32 transducers, wireless, light and compact antenna array. Extendable to 64 transducers (MIRA 3D PRO)
• The spring-loaded transducers conform to irregular surfaces, and they do not require a coupling medium, that is, testing is done in the dry
• Positioning laser beams in the antenna to facilitate its centering during scanning
• 10 to 100 kHz working frequency range
• Nominal frequency = 50 kHz
• Ultrasound speed range: 1,000 to 4,000 m/s (shear wave)
• Dimensions without handles and weight: 200 × 125 × 100 mm, 3.5 kg
• (400 x 125 x 100 mm, 5.6 kg for MIRA 3D PRO)
• Testing depth: 20 to 3,000 mm, depending on the concrete quality, member’s lateral dimensions and amount of steel reinforcement
• (20 to 4,000 mm for MIRA 3D PRO)
• Rechargeable battery, 10 h operating life
• USB interface
• 3-D tomographic display in a PC with IntroView software
• Operating conditions: -10 °C to 50 °C, < 95% RH
• Error of the depth of a defect, mm, where H is the measured depth = ± (0.05 ∙ H + 10)

Ultrasonic pulse echo tomographer.

MIRA 3D Kit

Includes:

MIRA 3D PRO Kit

Includes:

Item	Order #
MIRA 3D control unit and protective case	M3D-1001
MIRA 3D antenna array x 2	M3D-1002
Adjustable handle x 2	M3D-1003
Type C, AC Charger x 2	M3D-1004
USB Type C data cable x 2	M3D-1005
USB-A to USB-C cable	M3D-1006
Verification sample plate	M3D-1007
Exchangeable battery pack x 2 (inside the antenna)	M3D-1008
Carrying case	M3D-1009
H-Fastener	M3D-1010
M6x10 stainless screw x 4	M3D-1011
IntroView software license	MIR-1003
Laptop with NVIDIA GeForce graphics card (optional)	MIR-1002

• Technical data-sheet 
• Publications

No standards available for this NDT system.

The portable, handheld GalvaPulse evaluates the corrosion rate of reinforcement by measuring polarization resistance using the galvanostatic pulse technique where a current pulse is imposed on the reinforcement from a counter silver chloride reference electrode (Ag/AgCl) placed on the concrete surface.
The reinforcement is polarized in the anodic direction compared to its free corrosion potential, Ecorr. The resulting change of the electrochemical potential of the reinforcement is recorded as a function of time. The polarization resistance of the reinforcement is calculated by curve fitting of this data and by means of the Stern-Geary equation and Faraday’s law, the corrosion rate is estimated.

Corrosion rate test for reinforced concrete.

• Monitoring corrosion activity in reinforced concrete structures
• Service life estimation
• Evaluating the efficiency of corrosion arresting measures such as application of inhibitors, membranes, electrochemical removal of chlorides, concrete realkalinization, etc.
• Condition surveys of suspect reinforced structures, especially structures in wet environments where the classic half-cell potential mapping may provide misleading or insufficient information
• Measuring corrosion activity in repaired areas

Corrosion rate test for reinforced concrete.

• Reliable evaluation of reinforcement corrosion in anaerobic concrete environment
• Lightweight, handheld equipment, easy to operate
• Kit includes a calibration box and a check concrete block with embedded bars
• Easy-to-use software for reporting test results in 2D or 3D graphics
• Two operation modes:

         (1) only for half-cell potentials and electrical resistance (1 to 2 s/test)

         (2) for corrosion rate, half-cell potentials and electrical resistance (5 to 10 s/test).

• The first mode is normally used to identify the anodic and cathodic areas, while the second mode is used in anodic areas, where corrosion rate is a decisive parameter to be measured
• Suitable for testing on rough or curved surfaces
• Uses Ag/AgCl (silver / silver chloride) reference electrode
• Storage capacity: 20,000 records
• Current pulse generated: 5 to 400 mA from 1 to 20 seconds
• Pulse guard ring diameter: 70 mm

GalvaPulse-5000 Kit

Includes:

Item	Order #
Handheld computer with pulse generator	GP-5010
Calibration unit for pulse generator	GP-5020
Measuring cell with 3 meter cable	GP-5031
Sponge for measuring cell	GP-5040
Reinforcement locator	GP-5050
Reinforcement conductivity meter	GP-5060
Cable for data transfer to PC	GP-5070
Measuring cable	GP-5080
Two adjustable reinforcement clamps	GP-5090
Two reinforcement adaptors	GP-5100
12 mm and 18 mm drill bits	GP-5110
10 mm Allen key	GP-5120
Sponge for grinding of electrode rings	GP-5130
Hammer and chisel	GP-5140
Measuring tape and chalk	GP-5150
GalvaPulse software for data viewing/reporting	GP-5160
User Manual	GP-5170
Attaché case	GP-5180
Cable drum with 15 meters of cable (a)	GP-5190
Check block with embedded a corroding black steel bar and a stainless steel bar  (b)	GP-5200

• Technical datasheet
• Publications
• More documentation available upon request.

ASTM C876 – 15 Standard Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete.

EyeCon is based on the ultrasonic pitch-catch method and uses an antenna composed of an array of dry point contact (DPC) transducers, which emit shear waves into the concrete. The 4 by 6 transducer array is under computer control and the recorded data are analyzed to create 2-D images of the reflecting interfaces within the cross sections below the antenna. The series of 2-D images obtained from a 2- dimensional surface scan of the test object are transferred to a computer with IntroView imaging software. The software can assemble the 2-D slices into a 3-D image of the test object. The 3-D image can then be manipulated for interpretation of test results.

Ultrasonic tomographer.

As a pulse-echo tester:

• Thickness measurement
• Detection of voids and honeycombing in concrete elements
• Detection of voids in grouted tendon ducts
• Detection of poor-quality bond in overlays and repairs
• Detection of delaminations
• Detection of lack of support behind tunnel linings and below slabs on grade.

As an Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity tester:

• Evaluating the uniformity of concrete within a structural member
• Inferring the presence voids and cracks
• Estimating the depth of surface-opening cracks
• Estimating severity of deterioration 
• Estimating depth of fire damaged concrete
• Evaluating effectiveness of crack repairs
• Identifying anomalous regions for invasive sampling with drilled cores
• Estimating early-age strength (with project specific correlation)

Ultrasonic tomographer.

• Dry point contact shear-wave transducers with wear-resistant ceramic tip 
• Spring loaded 4 x 6 transducers antenna array
• 25 to 250 kHz working frequency range
• Nominal frequency converter = 50 kHz
• Ultrasound speed range: 1,000 to 10,000 m/s
• Dimensions of the electronic unit: 260 × 153 × 43 mm
• Weight of the electronic unit: 0.8 kg
• Dimensions of the antenna array: 139 × 105 × 89 mm
• Weight of the antenna array: 1.1 kg 
• Testing depth: 10 to 600 mm (depending on the concrete quality, member dimensions and amount of reinforcement)
• TFT (640 x 480) color screen
• 11.2 V rechargeable battery, 8 h operating life
• USB 2.0 interface
• Maximum number of A-scans in memory = 200
• Protection class IP54
• 3-D tomographic display with IntroView software
• Operating conditions: -20 °C to 45 °C, < 95% RH
• Error of the depth of a defect, mm, where H is the measured depth = ± (0.1 ∙ H + 5)
• Minimum flaw diameter to be detected: 30 mm
• Maximum area in MAP mode = 2 m2

EyeCon-1000 Kit

Includes:

Optional antenna arrays and transducers 

Item	Order #
For the echo method
Antenna array for flaw detection with 24 low-frequency DPC transducers, longitudinal wave.	EYE-1020
For the through transmission UPV method(1)
Antenna array with 12 DPC transducers, deep penetration, shear wave, 50 kHz.	EYE-1030
Antenna array with 12 DPC transducers, deep penetration, longitudinal wave, 100 kHz.	EYE-1031
DPC(2) transducer, shear wave, 50 kHz	EYE-1040
DPC(2) transducer, longitudinal wave, 100 kHz	EYE-1041
DPC(2) transducer, shear wave, 250 kHz	EYE-1042
(3)Liquid contact transducer, longitudinal wave, 25 kHz	EYE-1050
(3)Liquid contact transducer, longitudinal wave, 50 kHz	EYE-1051
(3)Liquid contact transducer, longitudinal wave, 100 kHz	EYE-1052

(1)For the through transmission method 2 antennas or transducers are needed.

(2)DPC = Dry Point Contact transducers. 

(3)Liquid contact transducers require a coupling medium.  

Ultrasonic tomographer.

• Technical data-sheet 

• ASTM C597, BS 1881:203 and EN 12504-4

The impact-echo method is based on monitoring the periodic arrival of reflected stress waves generated by a small mechanical impact. Unlike traditional ultrasonic pulse velocity testers that require access to both faces of a member and it is not possible to determine the depth to anomalies,   Mirador requires access to only one face and is able to obtain information on the depth of  internal flaws or the thickness of a solid member. The Echolyst software for data acquisition and 2D/3D visualization makes the impact-echo technique more friendly and easier to interpret.   

Impact-Echo test.

• Measure the thickness of pavements, asphalt overlays, plate-like concrete elements like slabs or walls, etc.
• Detect the presence and depth of voids and honeycombing
• Detect voids below slabs-on-ground
• Evaluate the quality of grout injection in post-tensioning cable ducts or joints for precast elements
• Integrity of a membrane below an asphalt overlay protecting structural concrete
• Delamination surveys of bridge decks, piers, cooling towers, chimneystacks, etc.
• Detect debonding of overlays and patches
• Detect ASR damage and freezing-and-thawing damage
• Measure the depth of surface-opening cracks
• Estimate early-age strength development (with proper correlation)

Impact-Echo test.

• Data Acquisition System: 
  • 2 channels, 4 MB/channel 
  • 8 bits resolution, 50 MHz bandwidth 
  • -5V to 5V Input Voltage Range
  • USB interface

• Dry contact, high sensitivity, piezoelectric handheld transducers 
• Equipped with Echolyst software that allows:
  • real-time waveform display while testing
  • create 2-D and 3-D visual representations 
  • look at reflecting interface on different cutting planes
  • audio assisted prompts to speed up data acquisition
  • superimpose test results on real image of test location
  • report generation

• Accuracy (assuming a constant P-wave speed):
  • Thickness measurement, direct calibration: ± 2%
  • Thickness measurement by surface P-wave speed measurement: ± 3%
  • Depth of surface-opening cracks: ± 4%

• Operating conditions: Temperature: -10 to 50 °C,  RH ≤ 95 %

Mirador -3000 Kit

Includes:

Mirador-5000 Kit

Includes:

To be ordered separately

• Technical Data Sheet

• ECH-TDS Echolyst

• Publications

• ASTM C1383, “Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo Method”

MIRA is based on the ultrasonic pitch-catch method and uses an antenna composed of an array of dry point contact (DPC) transducers, which emit shear waves into the concrete. The 4 by 12 transducer array is under computer control and the recorded data are analyzed to create a 2-D image of the reflecting interfaces within the cross section below the antenna. The series of 2-D images obtained from a 2- dimensional surface scan of the test object are transferred to a computer with IntroView imaging software. The software assembles the 2-D slices into a complete 3-D image of the test object. The 3-D image can then be manipulated for interpretation of test results. 

Ultrasonic pulse-echo tomographer, flaw detector.

• Thickness measurement
• Detection of voids and honeycombing in concrete elements
• Detection of voids in grouted tendon ducts
• Detection of poor-quality bond in overlays and repairs
• Detection of delaminations
• Detection of lack of support behind tunnel linings and below slabs on grade.

• Integrated 5.7” TFT color screen. 
• Low frequency, broadband, dry point contact shear-wave transducers with wear-resistant ceramic tips 
• Spring loaded 4 x 12 transducers in the antenna array
• 10 to 100 kHz working frequency range
• Nominal frequency converter = 50 kHz
• Ultrasound speed range: 1,000 to 10,000 m/s
• Dimensions: 370 × 150 × 145 mm (without handles)
• Weight: 4.5 kg 
• Testing depth: 40 to 2,000 mm (depending on the concrete quality, member’s lateral dimensions and amount of reinforcement)
• 7 Gb flash memory
• USB 2.0 interface
• 11.2 V rechargeable battery, 5 h operating life
• Protection class IP54
• IntroView software for 3-D tomographic display
• Operating conditions: -10 °C to 50 °C, < 95% RH
• Error of the depth of a defect, mm, where H is the measured depth = ± (0.05 ∙ H + 10)

MIRA (MIR-1000) Tomographer

Ultrasonic pulse-echo tomographer.

• Technical data-sheet 
• Publications

More documentation is available upon request.

No standards available for this NDT system.